What condition is characterized by high blood sugar levels over prolonged periods?

Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by high blood sugar levels over prolonged periods due to the body's inability to effectively use insulin or produce enough insulin. This condition can result from various factors, including genetic predisposition, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and other environmental influences.

In Diabetes Mellitus, the persistent high levels of glucose in the blood can lead to serious health complications over time, such as cardiovascular disease, nerve damage, kidney damage, and vision problems, among others. This chronic condition requires ongoing management to control blood sugar levels effectively through lifestyle modifications, medication, or insulin therapy.

Other choices, while related to blood sugar regulation, do not describe a condition characterized specifically by high blood sugar levels over extended periods. For instance, hypoglycemia refers to abnormally low blood sugar levels, while gestational diabetes specifically occurs during pregnancy and usually resolves after childbirth. Insulin resistance is a state where the body's cells do not respond effectively to insulin, often leading to elevated blood glucose levels; however, it is not a standalone diagnosis like Diabetes Mellitus. Therefore, Diabetes Mellitus is the most appropriate answer when considering the definition of prolonged high blood sugar.