What is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis?

The first-line treatment for anaphylaxis is epinephrine, and it plays a critical role in managing this life-threatening allergic reaction. When administered, epinephrine acts quickly on alpha and beta-adrenergic receptors, leading to several physiological changes. It causes vasoconstriction, which helps to raise blood pressure in patients experiencing hypotension, and bronchial dilation, which alleviates respiratory distress due to bronchospasm. Additionally, it reduces vascular permeability, thus minimizing swelling and hives.

Timely administration of epinephrine is essential; it can significantly decrease morbidity and mortality associated with anaphylactic reactions. Other treatments, such as antihistamines or intravenous fluids, may be used concurrently or subsequently, but they do not address the life-threatening symptoms of anaphylaxis as effectively or as rapidly as epinephrine does.