Which assessment finding is most indicative of right-sided heart failure?

Jugular vein distension is a classic assessment finding that is most indicative of right-sided heart failure. In this condition, the right ventricle is unable to effectively pump blood to the lungs, leading to a backlog of blood in the systemic venous circulation. This increased venous pressure is reflected in the jugular veins, causing them to become distended when a patient is in a seated or upright position.

Observing jugular vein distension provides valuable insight into the patient's fluid status and overall heart function. When the right heart fails, it can no longer manage the volume of blood returning to it, resulting in elevated pressures in the venous system.

In contrast, increased urine output, bradycardia, and decreased oxygen saturation are not primary indicators of right-sided heart failure. Increased urine output typically suggests improved renal perfusion, which is more common in left-sided heart failure or in response to diuretics. Bradycardia can occur for various reasons not limited to heart failure. Decreased oxygen saturation can imply respiratory issues rather than specifically indicating right-sided heart failure. Thus, jugular vein distension stands out as a clear, specific sign of the condition.